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…On Character Development
By R.K. Smith
I’m one of those people who needs to understand ‘why’. When I was younger, I occasionally got in trouble with people who interpreted the question ‘Why?’ as a challenge to their authority, like ‘Why should I?’ I eventually learned to phrase my question as ‘It helps me do a better job if I understand why.’
The same applies to writing. I write fiction, have no desire to write a How To Write book, but I need to understand ‘why’ some things work. For example, I need to understand why some characters are tremendously appealing to some people, but not others. Here is my understanding of that.
Most stories involve a simple truth - they involve a character who loses a part of his/her sense of personal identity, and the subsequent tale is about regaining or replacing it. This is what readers relate to, and, when executed well, accounts for broad appeal. Even when a story is ‘action and adventure’, seemingly plot-driven, this is true.
Abraham Maslow identifies five categories of people motivaters. At the bottom level are basic biological needs like food, water, air and reproduction. The second category includes the need for safety, things like shelter, feeling free from threats of disease, animals, and other people. The third classification includes social needs, such as the desire to give and receive affection and the need to feel included. The fourth refers to self esteem needs, the need to define and clarify understanding of personal identity. Finally, there are self-actualization needs, the need to reach one’s potentials.
The bottom two levels provide opportunity for relatively simple, though very powerful, conflict. You can’t get much more down and dirty than having your life threatened or losing your livelihood, the source of food, drink, and shelter. The subsequent classifications are more complex, often the foundation of more complicated, ‘psychological’ character and plot development. How many stories can you think of that include someone struggling to establish relationships, worrying about how courageous or intelligent he/she might be, or striving to excel?
In particular, clarification of identity is a major driver. There are seven aspects to character, and the loss of some aspect of any of the seven can be serious, leading to common terms like ‘identity crisis’ and ‘the need to find oneself’. Identities have four kinds of characteristics, physical (appearance), mental (how one thinks), social (how one interacts with other people) and emotional (temperament or personality). The other three aspects are values/beliefs, roles, and talents/abilities.
For good character development, a writer would be able to detail all of these about the character, whether or not clear examples actually show up in the written story. Knowing them allows the writer to let the character talk and behave ‘in character’.
It also explains why books appeal so differently. In real life, people constantly have to redefine and re-establish different aspects of their identity as their characteristics, beliefs, and roles change as a natural part of the evolution of life. Finding fictional characters who deal with the challenges in their lives in ways the reader can understand and learn from is not simply escapist entertainment. It doesn’t matter if the protagonist is dealing with an evil arch-enemy to the human race, as long as he/she does it with brains, perseverance, and bravery, characteristics Joe and Jill Public want to have to deal with the more mundane matters in their own lives. A plot might be wildly entertaining, but readers must feel some connection to the main character(s), and even though the outward details of his/her existence might be totally different from the readers’, some kind of affinity must exist.
So, even if writers have wonderful ideas for plots, they must intimately know the main characters. They must understand them so thoroughly that when they write dialogue or describe how characters behave in certain situations, it is consistent with the kind of people they are. Writers must recognize how those characters have lost some aspect of identity and how the evolution of the plot lets them re-establish it or develop new characteristics to become part of their understanding of self.
Of course this is a very linear way of looking at an imaginative process. But writing fiction is a combination of both creative and analytical thinking. The logical conceptualizing involved in planning (not that creative thinking is illogical) produces a framework in which the artistic juices thrive. There are uncreative planners and unstructured creators. Good writers can do both. Good writing demonstrates both.
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